/* ==========================================================================
   Design System & Global Variables
   ========================================================================== */
:root {
    /* Color Palette */
    --color-bg: #fbfbfa;                 /* Cool Off-white */
    --color-bg-alt: #f3f3f1;             /* Muted Cool Grey */
    --color-primary: #111827;            /* Deep Charcoal */
    --color-secondary: #4b5563;          /* Slate Dark Grey (WCAG contrast > 6:1) */
    --color-accent: #1b3a6b;             /* Deep Ink Blue */
    --color-accent-hover: #112244;       /* Dark Navy Blue */
    --color-border: #e5e7eb;             /* Light Cool Grey */
    --color-white: #ffffff;
    
    /* Typography */
    --font-serif: var(--font-sans);
    --font-sans: 'Inter', system-ui, -apple-system, sans-serif;
    
    /* Spacing & Layout */
    --max-width: 1140px;
    --header-height: 80px;
    --border-radius-sm: 4px;
    --border-radius-md: 8px;
    --border-radius-lg: 16px;
    
    /* Shadows & Transitions */
    --shadow-subtle: 0 4px 20px -2px rgba(28, 26, 23, 0.04);
    --shadow-hover: 0 12px 30px -4px rgba(28, 26, 23, 0.08);
    --transition-smooth: all 0.35s cubic-bezier(0.25, 0.8, 0.25, 1);
    --transition-fast: all 0.18s ease-out;
}

/* ==========================================================================
   Base Styles & Resets
   ========================================================================== */
*, *::before, *::after {
    box-sizing: border-box;
    margin: 0;
    padding: 0;
}

html {
    scroll-behavior: smooth;
    font-size: 16px;
}

body {
    font-family: var(--font-sans);
    background-color: var(--color-bg);
    color: var(--color-primary);
    line-height: 1.6;
    -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased;
    -moz-osx-font-smoothing: grayscale;
    overflow-x: hidden;
}

/* Selection Color */
::selection {
    background-color: var(--color-accent);
    color: var(--color-white);
}

a {
    color: inherit;
    text-decoration: none;
    transition: var(--transition-fast);
}

a:focus-visible, button:focus-visible, .btn:focus-visible, input:focus-visible, textarea:focus-visible {
    outline: 2px solid var(--color-accent);
    outline-offset: 4px;
}

@media (prefers-reduced-motion: reduce) {
    *, *::before, *::after {
        animation-delay: -1ms !important;
        animation-duration: 1ms !important;
        animation-iteration-count: 1 !important;
        background-attachment: initial !important;
        scroll-behavior: auto !important;
        transition-duration: 0s !important;
        transition-delay: 0s !important;
    }
}

img {
    max-width: 100%;
    height: auto;
    display: block;
}

p {
    max-width: 65ch;
}

/* Common Layout Containers */
.content-container {
    max-width: var(--max-width);
    margin: 0 auto;
    padding: 2rem 2rem 5rem 2rem;
    min-height: calc(100vh - var(--header-height) - 180px);
}

/* View Sections Toggle */
.view-section {
    opacity: 0;
    transform: translateY(15px);
    transition: opacity 0.4s ease-out, transform 0.4s ease-out;
}

.view-section.active-view {
    opacity: 1;
    transform: translateY(0);
}

.hidden {
    display: none !important;
}

/* Typography Presets */
.section-label {
    display: block;
    font-family: var(--font-sans);
    font-size: 0.95rem;
    font-weight: 700;
    letter-spacing: 0.12em;
    color: var(--color-accent);
    text-transform: uppercase;
    margin-bottom: 1.25rem;
}

.sub-label {
    display: block;
    font-family: var(--font-sans);
    font-size: 1.05rem;
    font-weight: 700;
    letter-spacing: 0.08em;
    color: var(--color-primary);
    text-transform: uppercase;
    margin-bottom: 2rem;
    position: relative;
}

/* Buttons */
.btn {
    display: inline-flex;
    align-items: center;
    justify-content: center;
    gap: 0.5rem;
    font-family: var(--font-sans);
    font-size: 0.875rem;
    font-weight: 500;
    padding: 0.75rem 1.25rem;
    border-radius: var(--border-radius-sm);
    transition: var(--transition-fast);
    cursor: pointer;
}

.btn-primary {
    background-color: transparent;
    color: var(--color-primary);
    border: 1px solid var(--color-primary);
}

.btn-primary:hover {
    background-color: var(--color-primary);
    color: var(--color-bg);
}

/* ==========================================================================
   Header & Navigation
   ========================================================================== */
.site-header {
    position: sticky;
    top: 0;
    z-index: 100;
    background-color: rgba(251, 251, 250, 0.85);
    backdrop-filter: blur(12px);
    -webkit-backdrop-filter: blur(12px);
    border-bottom: 1px solid var(--color-border);
    height: var(--header-height);
    transition: var(--transition-smooth);
}

.header-container {
    max-width: var(--max-width);
    height: 100%;
    margin: 0 auto;
    padding: 0 2rem;
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    justify-content: space-between;
}

.logo {
    font-family: var(--font-sans);
    font-size: 1.45rem;
    font-weight: 700;
    letter-spacing: -0.01em;
    color: var(--color-primary);
}

.nav-menu {
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    gap: 2.5rem;
}

.nav-link {
    font-family: var(--font-sans);
    font-size: 0.9rem;
    font-weight: 400;
    color: var(--color-secondary);
    position: relative;
    padding: 0.25rem 0;
}

.nav-link:hover {
    color: var(--color-primary);
}

.nav-link.active {
    color: var(--color-primary);
    font-weight: 500;
}

.nav-link.active::after {
    content: '';
    position: absolute;
    bottom: -4px;
    left: 0;
    width: 100%;
    height: 2px;
    background-color: var(--color-accent);
}

.icon-download {
    transition: transform var(--transition-fast);
}

.resume-btn:hover .icon-download {
    transform: translateY(2px);
}

/* ==========================================================================
   Home Section Layouts
   ========================================================================== */

/* Hero Grid */
.hero-grid {
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: 1.2fr 0.8fr;
    gap: 4rem;
    align-items: center;
    padding: 4rem 0 3rem 0;
}

.hero-text-content {
    display: flex;
    flex-direction: column;
    align-items: flex-start;
}

.hero-title {
    font-family: var(--font-serif);
    font-size: 2.7rem;
    font-weight: 700;
    line-height: 1.15;
    color: var(--color-primary);
    margin-bottom: 1.8rem;
    letter-spacing: -0.02em;
}

.hero-lead {
    font-family: var(--font-sans);
    font-size: 1.1rem;
    color: var(--color-secondary);
    line-height: 1.7;
    margin-bottom: 1rem;
    max-width: 580px;
    text-align: justify;
}

.hero-credential {
    font-family: var(--font-sans);
    font-size: 0.95rem;
    color: var(--color-secondary);
    font-weight: 500;
    margin-bottom: 2rem;
    opacity: 0.8;
    text-align: justify;
}

/* View Experience link */
.cta-link {
    display: inline-flex;
    align-items: center;
    gap: 0.6rem;
    font-family: var(--font-sans);
    font-size: 0.95rem;
    font-weight: 500;
    color: var(--color-accent);
    padding-bottom: 2px;
    border-bottom: 1px solid transparent;
}

.cta-link:hover {
    color: var(--color-accent-hover);
    border-bottom-color: var(--color-accent-hover);
}

.icon-arrow {
    transition: transform var(--transition-fast);
}

.cta-link:hover .icon-arrow {
    transform: translateX(4px);
}

/* Profile Image Wrapper */
.hero-image-wrapper {
    display: flex;
    justify-content: flex-end;
}

.image-frame {
    position: relative;
    border-radius: var(--border-radius-md);
    overflow: hidden;
    box-shadow: var(--shadow-subtle);
    transition: var(--transition-smooth);
    width: 320px;
    aspect-ratio: 1 / 1.05;
}

.image-frame::after {
    content: '';
    position: absolute;
    inset: 0;
    border: 1px solid rgba(28, 26, 23, 0.06);
    pointer-events: none;
    border-radius: var(--border-radius-md);
}

.image-frame:hover {
    transform: translateY(-4px);
    box-shadow: var(--shadow-hover);
}

.profile-img {
    width: 100%;
    height: 100%;
    object-fit: cover;
    transition: transform var(--transition-smooth);
}

.image-frame:hover .profile-img {
    transform: scale(1.03);
}

/* About Me Section */
.about-container {
    padding: 3rem 0 5rem 0;
    border-top: 1px solid var(--color-border);
    border-bottom: 1px solid var(--color-border);
}

.about-header {
    max-width: 800px;
    margin-bottom: 4rem;
}

.about-desc-wrapper {
    display: flex;
    flex-direction: column;
    gap: 1.5rem;
}

.about-desc {
    font-family: var(--font-sans);
    font-size: 1.15rem;
    line-height: 1.75;
    color: var(--color-secondary);
    text-align: justify;
}

/* Highlights and Expertise split */
.about-detail-grid {
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr;
    gap: 6rem;
}

.col-title {
    font-family: var(--font-sans);
    font-size: 1.05rem;
    font-weight: 700;
    letter-spacing: 0.08em;
    color: var(--color-primary);
    margin-bottom: 2rem;
}

/* Experience Highlights column */
.highlight-list {
    list-style: none;
    display: flex;
    flex-direction: column;
    gap: 1.8rem;
}

.highlight-list li {
    display: flex;
    align-items: flex-start;
    gap: 1.25rem;
}

.highlight-icon-box {
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    justify-content: center;
    flex-shrink: 0;
    width: 42px;
    height: 42px;
    background-color: var(--color-bg-alt);
    border-radius: 50%;
    color: var(--color-accent);
    transition: var(--transition-fast);
}

.highlight-list li:hover .highlight-icon-box {
    background-color: var(--color-accent);
    color: var(--color-white);
    transform: scale(1.05);
}

.highlight-text {
    font-family: var(--font-sans);
    font-size: 0.95rem;
    color: var(--color-secondary);
    line-height: 1.5;
    padding-top: 0.4rem;
}

/* Areas of Expertise column */
.expertise-list {
    list-style: none;
    display: flex;
    flex-direction: column;
}

.expertise-list li {
    font-family: var(--font-sans);
    font-size: 0.95rem;
    font-weight: 500;
    color: var(--color-primary);
    padding: 0.9rem 0;
    border-bottom: 1px solid var(--color-border);
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    transition: var(--transition-fast);
}

.expertise-list li::before {
    content: '';
    width: 0;
    height: 2px;
    background-color: var(--color-accent);
    margin-right: 0;
    transition: var(--transition-fast);
}

.expertise-list li:hover {
    color: var(--color-accent);
    padding-left: 0.5rem;
}

.expertise-list li:hover::before {
    width: 10px;
    margin-right: 8px;
}

/* Featured Writing Cards */
.writing-section {
    padding: 5rem 0 2rem 0;
}

.writing-grid {
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr;
    gap: 2.5rem;
}

.writing-card {
    background-color: var(--color-white);
    border: 1px solid var(--color-border);
    padding: 2.2rem;
    border-radius: var(--border-radius-md);
    display: flex;
    flex-direction: column;
    min-height: 250px;
    box-shadow: var(--shadow-subtle);
    transition: var(--transition-smooth);
}

.writing-card:hover {
    transform: translateY(-5px);
    box-shadow: var(--shadow-hover);
    border-color: var(--color-accent);
}

.writing-card:first-child {
    grid-column: span 2;
    padding: 3rem;
}

.writing-card:first-child .card-title {
    font-size: 1.65rem;
}

.card-header-meta {
    display: flex;
    justify-content: space-between;
    align-items: center;
    margin-bottom: 1.5rem;
}

.card-tag {
    font-family: var(--font-sans);
    font-size: 0.72rem;
    font-weight: 700;
    letter-spacing: 0.08em;
    color: var(--color-accent);
    text-transform: uppercase;
    border: 1px solid var(--color-accent);
    padding: 0.25rem 0.6rem;
    border-radius: 20px;
}

.card-title {
    font-family: var(--font-serif);
    font-size: 1.25rem;
    font-weight: 700;
    line-height: 1.4;
    color: var(--color-primary);
    margin-bottom: 1rem;
}

.card-hook {
    font-family: var(--font-sans);
    font-size: 0.95rem;
    line-height: 1.6;
    color: var(--color-secondary);
    margin-bottom: auto; /* Push link to bottom */
    max-width: 65ch;
}

.card-meta {
    font-family: var(--font-sans);
    font-size: 0.75rem;
    color: var(--color-secondary);
    margin: 0;
    text-transform: uppercase;
    letter-spacing: 0.05em;
}

.card-link {
    display: inline-flex;
    align-items: center;
    gap: 0.4rem;
    font-family: var(--font-sans);
    font-size: 0.85rem;
    font-weight: 600;
    color: var(--color-accent);
}

.card-link:hover {
    color: var(--color-accent-hover);
}

.icon-arrow-inline {
    transition: transform var(--transition-fast);
}

.card-link:hover .icon-arrow-inline,
.pub-action-link:hover .icon-arrow-inline {
    transform: translateX(3px);
}

/* ==========================================================================
   Research Section Layouts
   ========================================================================== */

/* Research Hero */
.research-hero {
    padding: 4rem 0 3rem 0;
    border-bottom: 1px solid var(--color-border);
}

.research-title {
    font-family: var(--font-serif);
    font-size: 2.7rem;
    font-weight: 700;
    line-height: 1.15;
    color: var(--color-primary);
    margin-bottom: 1.8rem;
    letter-spacing: -0.02em;
}

.research-lead {
    font-family: var(--font-sans);
    font-size: 1.1rem;
    color: var(--color-secondary);
    line-height: 1.7;
    max-width: 780px;
}

/* Filtering Tabs styling */
.filter-container {
    display: flex;
    flex-wrap: wrap;
    gap: 0.75rem;
    padding: 0 0 2rem 0;
    border-bottom: 1px solid var(--color-border);
}

.filter-tab {
    background: transparent;
    border: 1px solid var(--color-border);
    color: var(--color-secondary);
    padding: 0.6rem 1.25rem;
    font-family: var(--font-sans);
    font-size: 0.85rem;
    font-weight: 500;
    border-radius: 30px;
    cursor: pointer;
    transition: var(--transition-fast);
}

.filter-tab:hover {
    border-color: var(--color-primary);
    color: var(--color-primary);
}

.filter-tab.active {
    background-color: var(--color-accent);
    border-color: var(--color-accent);
    color: var(--color-white);
}

/* ---- New Research Cards (dark themed) ---- */
.research-card {
    background-color: #0d1b2a;
    border: 1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.07);
    border-radius: 10px;
    padding: 2rem 2.25rem;
    margin-bottom: 1.5rem;
    display: flex;
    flex-direction: column;
    gap: 0.85rem;
    cursor: pointer;
    transition: transform 0.2s ease, box-shadow 0.2s ease, border-color 0.2s ease;
}

.research-card:hover {
    transform: translateY(-3px);
    box-shadow: 0 8px 32px rgba(0,0,0,0.35);
    border-color: rgba(99,163,255,0.3);
}

.research-card-header-flex {
    display: flex;
    justify-content: space-between;
    align-items: flex-start;
    gap: 1.5rem;
}

.research-card-text {
    flex: 1;
}

.research-card-tag-row {
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    gap: 0.75rem;
    margin-bottom: 0.6rem;
    flex-wrap: wrap;
}

.research-card-badge {
    display: inline-block;
    font-family: var(--font-sans);
    font-size: 0.72rem;
    font-weight: 700;
    letter-spacing: 0.08em;
    color: #63a3ff;
    background-color: rgba(99, 163, 255, 0.12);
    border: 1px solid rgba(99, 163, 255, 0.25);
    padding: 0.2rem 0.55rem;
    border-radius: 4px;
    text-transform: uppercase;
}

.research-card-thumb-wrap {
    flex-shrink: 0;
    width: 120px;
    height: 85px;
    border-radius: 8px;
    overflow: hidden;
    border: 1px solid rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.12);
    background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.05);
}

.research-card-thumb {
    width: 100%;
    height: 100%;
    object-fit: cover;
    display: block;
}

.research-card-title {
    font-family: var(--font-serif);
    font-size: 1.35rem;
    font-weight: 700;
    line-height: 1.35;
    color: #63a3ff;
    margin: 0 0 0.5rem 0;
}

.research-card-meta {
    font-family: var(--font-sans);
    font-size: 0.85rem;
    color: #8fa3b8;
    display: flex;
    flex-wrap: wrap;
    gap: 0.25rem;
}

.research-card-excerpt {
    font-family: var(--font-sans);
    font-size: 0.97rem;
    color: #c8d6e5;
    line-height: 1.55;
    margin: 0;
    display: -webkit-box;
    -webkit-line-clamp: 2;
    -webkit-box-orient: vertical;
    overflow: hidden;
}

.research-card-btn {
    align-self: flex-start;
    background-color: #1b3a6b;
    color: #ffffff;
    border: none;
    border-radius: 8px;
    padding: 0.65rem 1.4rem;
    font-family: var(--font-sans);
    font-size: 0.9rem;
    font-weight: 600;
    cursor: pointer;
    margin-top: 0.25rem;
    transition: background-color 0.18s ease;
}

.research-card-btn:hover {
    background-color: #254e93;
}

/* Publications list */
.publications-list {
    display: flex;
    flex-direction: column;
}

.pub-item {
    display: flex;
    justify-content: space-between;
    align-items: flex-end;
    gap: 3rem;
    padding: 2.5rem 0;
    border-bottom: 1px solid var(--color-border);
    transition: opacity 0.3s ease, transform 0.3s ease, display 0.3s allow-discrete;
}

.pub-item.hidden-item {
    display: none !important;
}

/* Search/filter hide state — applies to research cards (and any filtered card) */
.research-card.hidden-item,
.hidden-item {
    display: none !important;
}

.pub-details {
    max-width: 800px;
}

.pub-title {
    font-family: var(--font-serif);
    font-size: 1.4rem;
    font-weight: 500;
    line-height: 1.35;
    color: var(--color-primary);
    margin-bottom: 0.5rem;
}

.pub-meta {
    font-family: var(--font-sans);
    font-size: 0.8rem;
    font-weight: 500;
    color: var(--color-accent);
    text-transform: uppercase;
    letter-spacing: 0.05em;
    margin-bottom: 1rem;
}

.pub-desc {
    font-family: var(--font-sans);
    font-size: 0.95rem;
    color: var(--color-secondary);
    line-height: 1.6;
}

.pub-action-link {
    display: inline-flex;
    align-items: center;
    gap: 0.4rem;
    font-family: var(--font-sans);
    font-size: 0.85rem;
    font-weight: 600;
    color: var(--color-accent);
    white-space: nowrap;
    padding-bottom: 2px;
}

.pub-action-link:hover {
    color: var(--color-accent-hover);
}

/* Research Lower Grid */
.research-grid {
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: 1.2fr 0.8fr;
    gap: 5rem;
    padding: 5rem 0 2rem 0;
}

/* Latest writing list inside Research */
.writing-list {
    list-style: none;
    display: flex;
    flex-direction: column;
    gap: 1.5rem;
}

.writing-list li {
    display: flex;
    justify-content: space-between;
    align-items: flex-start;
    gap: 2rem;
    padding-bottom: 1.2rem;
    border-bottom: 1px solid var(--color-border);
}

.writing-list-title {
    font-family: var(--font-sans);
    font-size: 0.95rem;
    font-weight: 500;
    color: var(--color-primary);
    line-height: 1.4;
}

.writing-list-title:hover {
    color: var(--color-accent);
}

.writing-list-date {
    font-family: var(--font-sans);
    font-size: 0.8rem;
    color: var(--color-secondary);
    white-space: nowrap;
    padding-top: 0.1rem;
}

/* Research focus list inside Research */
.focus-list {
    list-style: none;
    display: flex;
    flex-direction: column;
    gap: 0.8rem;
}

.focus-list li {
    font-family: var(--font-sans);
    font-size: 0.95rem;
    color: var(--color-secondary);
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
}

.focus-list li::before {
    content: '';
    width: 6px;
    height: 6px;
    background-color: var(--color-accent);
    border-radius: 50%;
    margin-right: 12px;
}

/* ==========================================================================
   Footer Section Styling
   ========================================================================== */
.site-footer {
    border-top: 1px solid var(--color-border);
    padding: 5rem 0;
    background-color: var(--color-bg);
}

.footer-container {
    max-width: var(--max-width);
    margin: 0 auto;
    padding: 0 2rem;
    display: flex;
    justify-content: space-between;
    align-items: flex-start;
    gap: 4rem;
}

.footer-quote {
    display: flex;
    gap: 1.5rem;
    max-width: 650px;
    align-items: flex-start;
}

.icon-quote {
    color: var(--color-accent);
    opacity: 0.3;
    flex-shrink: 0;
    margin-top: -0.25rem;
}

.quote-text {
    font-family: var(--font-serif);
    font-size: 1.4rem;
    font-style: italic;
    line-height: 1.5;
    color: var(--color-secondary);
}

.footer-connect {
    display: flex;
    flex-direction: column;
    align-items: flex-end;
}

.connect-label {
    font-family: var(--font-sans);
    font-size: 0.75rem;
    font-weight: 700;
    letter-spacing: 0.15em;
    color: var(--color-primary);
    text-transform: uppercase;
    margin-bottom: 1.25rem;
}

.social-links {
    display: flex;
    gap: 0.75rem;
}

.social-icon-btn {
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    justify-content: center;
    width: 44px;
    height: 44px;
    border: 1px solid var(--color-border);
    border-radius: 50%;
    color: var(--color-secondary);
    transition: var(--transition-fast);
    background-color: var(--color-white);
}

.social-icon-btn:hover {
    color: var(--color-accent);
    border-color: var(--color-accent);
    transform: translateY(-2px);
}

/* ==========================================================================
   Contact Section Layouts
   ========================================================================== */

/* Contact Hero */
.contact-hero {
    padding: 4rem 0 3rem 0;
    border-bottom: 1px solid var(--color-border);
}

.contact-title {
    font-family: var(--font-serif);
    font-size: 2.7rem;
    font-weight: 700;
    line-height: 1.15;
    color: var(--color-primary);
    margin-bottom: 1.8rem;
    letter-spacing: -0.02em;
}

.contact-lead {
    font-family: var(--font-sans);
    font-size: 1.1rem;
    color: var(--color-secondary);
    line-height: 1.7;
    max-width: 780px;
}

/* Contact Form Container (Left-aligned, limited width) */
.contact-content-grid {
    display: block;
    max-width: 650px;
    margin: 0;
    padding: 5rem 0 2rem 0;
}

/* Forms & Fields styling */
.contact-form {
    display: flex;
    flex-direction: column;
    gap: 1.8rem;
    transition: opacity 0.3s ease;
}

.form-row {
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr;
    gap: 1.5rem;
}

.form-group {
    display: flex;
    flex-direction: column;
    gap: 0.5rem;
}

.form-group label {
    font-family: var(--font-sans);
    font-size: 0.8rem;
    font-weight: 600;
    color: var(--color-primary);
    letter-spacing: 0.02em;
}

.form-group input,
.form-group textarea {
    font-family: var(--font-sans);
    font-size: 0.95rem;
    padding: 0.85rem 1rem;
    background-color: var(--color-white);
    border: 1px solid var(--color-border);
    border-radius: var(--border-radius-sm);
    color: var(--color-primary);
    outline: none;
    transition: var(--transition-fast);
    width: 100%;
}

.form-group input::placeholder,
.form-group textarea::placeholder {
    color: hsl(36, 6%, 65%);
}

.form-group input:focus,
.form-group textarea:focus {
    border-color: var(--color-accent);
    box-shadow: 0 0 0 3px rgba(192, 92, 56, 0.15);
}

/* Submit CTA details */
.btn-submit {
    align-self: flex-start;
    background-color: var(--color-primary);
    color: var(--color-white);
    border: 1px solid var(--color-primary);
    padding: 0.9rem 2rem;
    font-weight: 600;
    border-radius: var(--border-radius-sm);
    box-shadow: var(--shadow-subtle);
    display: inline-flex;
    align-items: center;
    gap: 0.6rem;
    cursor: pointer;
    transition: var(--transition-smooth);
}

.btn-submit:hover {
    background-color: var(--color-accent);
    border-color: var(--color-accent);
    transform: translateY(-2px);
    box-shadow: var(--shadow-hover);
}

.btn-submit:active {
    transform: translateY(0);
}

.icon-send {
    transition: transform var(--transition-fast);
}

.btn-submit:hover .icon-send {
    transform: translate(2px, -2px);
}

.btn-submit:disabled {
    background-color: var(--color-border);
    border-color: var(--color-border);
    color: var(--color-secondary);
    cursor: not-allowed;
    transform: none;
    box-shadow: none;
}

/* Success status alerts */
.form-status-box {
    display: flex;
    gap: 1.5rem;
    padding: 2.2rem;
    background-color: var(--color-white);
    border: 1px solid hsl(145, 45%, 80%);
    border-left: 4px solid hsl(145, 60%, 40%);
    border-radius: var(--border-radius-md);
    animation: slideUpIn 0.4s cubic-bezier(0.25, 0.8, 0.25, 1) forwards;
    box-shadow: var(--shadow-subtle);
}

.status-icon-box {
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    justify-content: center;
    flex-shrink: 0;
    width: 44px;
    height: 44px;
    background-color: hsl(145, 60%, 95%);
    border-radius: 50%;
    color: hsl(145, 60%, 40%);
}

.status-text-box {
    display: flex;
    flex-direction: column;
    gap: 0.4rem;
}

.status-title {
    font-family: var(--font-sans);
    font-size: 1.1rem;
    font-weight: 600;
    color: var(--color-primary);
}

.status-desc {
    font-family: var(--font-sans);
    font-size: 0.95rem;
    color: var(--color-secondary);
    line-height: 1.5;
}

/* Hero CTA action buttons container */
.hero-actions {
    display: flex;
    gap: 1rem;
    margin-bottom: 2.5rem;
    flex-wrap: wrap;
}

/* Areas of Expertise rich vertical list layout */
.expertise-rich-list {
    list-style: none;
    display: flex;
    flex-direction: column;
    gap: 2rem;
}

.expertise-rich-list li strong {
    display: block;
    font-family: var(--font-sans);
    font-size: 1.1rem;
    font-weight: 700;
    color: var(--color-primary);
    margin-bottom: 0.4rem;
}

.expertise-rich-list li p {
    font-family: var(--font-sans);
    font-size: 0.95rem;
    color: var(--color-secondary);
    line-height: 1.5;
    margin-bottom: 0;
}

.verify-link, .footer-verify-link, .download-cv-link {
    color: var(--color-accent);
    font-weight: 600;
    transition: var(--transition-fast);
}

.verify-link:hover, .footer-verify-link:hover, .download-cv-link:hover {
    color: var(--color-accent-hover);
    text-decoration: underline;
}

.download-cv-link {
    display: inline-flex;
    margin-top: 1rem;
    font-size: 0.95rem;
}

/* Tutorials page custom hero styles */
.tutorials-hero {
    padding: 4rem 0 3rem 0;
    border-bottom: 1px solid var(--color-border);
}

.tutorials-title {
    font-family: var(--font-serif);
    font-size: 2.7rem;
    font-weight: 700;
    line-height: 1.15;
    color: var(--color-primary);
    margin-bottom: 1.8rem;
    letter-spacing: -0.02em;
}

.tutorials-lead {
    font-family: var(--font-sans);
    font-size: 1.1rem;
    color: var(--color-secondary);
    line-height: 1.7;
    max-width: 780px;
}

.tutorials-content {
    padding: 4rem 0;
}

@keyframes slideUpIn {
    from {
        opacity: 0;
        transform: translateY(20px);
    }
    to {
        opacity: 1;
        transform: translateY(0);
    }
}

/* ==========================================================================
   Responsive Media Queries
   ========================================================================== */

/* Tablets & Small Desktops (max-width: 1024px) */
@media (max-width: 1024px) {
    .hero-grid {
        gap: 2.5rem;
    }
    
    .hero-title {
        font-size: 2.8rem;
    }
    
    .about-detail-grid {
        gap: 3rem;
    }
    
    .writing-grid {
        gap: 1.5rem;
    }
    
    .research-grid {
        gap: 3rem;
    }
    
}

/* Mobile Devices (max-width: 768px) */
@media (max-width: 768px) {
    html {
        font-size: 15px;
    }
    
    .site-header {
        height: auto;
        padding: 1rem 0;
    }
    
    .header-container {
        flex-direction: column;
        gap: 1rem;
        padding: 0 1.5rem;
    }
    
    .nav-menu {
        gap: 1.5rem;
    }
    
    .resume-btn {
        width: 100%;
        margin-top: 0.5rem;
    }
    
    .content-container {
        padding: 1.5rem 1.5rem 4rem 1.5rem;
    }
    
    /* Hero Stacking */
    .hero-grid {
        grid-template-columns: 1fr;
        gap: 3rem;
        padding: 2rem 0 4rem 0;
        text-align: center;
    }
    
    .hero-text-content {
        align-items: center;
        order: 2;
    }
    
    .hero-image-wrapper {
        justify-content: center;
        order: 1;
    }
    
    .image-frame {
        width: 260px;
    }
    
    .hero-title {
        font-size: 2.2rem;
    }
    
    /* About grid stacking */
    .about-container {
        padding: 4rem 0;
    }
    
    .about-detail-grid {
        grid-template-columns: 1fr;
        gap: 3.5rem;
    }
    
    /* Writing cards stacking */
    .writing-section {
        padding: 4rem 0 1rem 0;
    }
    
    .writing-grid {
        grid-template-columns: 1fr;
        gap: 1.5rem;
    }
    
    .writing-card {
        min-height: auto;
        padding: 1.8rem;
    }
    
    .writing-card:first-child {
        grid-column: auto;
        padding: 1.8rem;
    }
    
    .writing-card:first-child .card-title {
        font-size: 1.25rem;
    }
    
    /* Research section scaling */
    .research-hero {
        padding: 2.5rem 0;
    }
    
    .research-title {
        font-size: 2.2rem;
    }
    
    .filter-container {
        padding: 2rem 0 1.5rem 0;
        gap: 0.5rem;
    }
    
    .filter-tab {
        padding: 0.5rem 1rem;
        font-size: 0.8rem;
    }
    
    .pub-item {
        flex-direction: column;
        align-items: flex-start;
        gap: 1.5rem;
        padding: 2rem 0;
    }
    
    .pub-action-link {
        align-self: flex-start;
    }
    
    .research-grid {
        grid-template-columns: 1fr;
        gap: 3.5rem;
        padding: 4rem 0 1rem 0;
    }
    
    .writing-list li {
        flex-direction: column;
        gap: 0.5rem;
    }
    
    /* Footer stacking */
    .site-footer {
        padding: 4rem 0;
    }
    
    .footer-container {
        flex-direction: column;
        align-items: center;
        text-align: center;
        gap: 3rem;
        padding: 0 1.5rem;
    }
    
    .footer-quote {
        flex-direction: column;
        align-items: center;
    }
    
    .quote-text {
        font-size: 1.2rem;
    }
    
    .footer-connect {
        align-items: center;
    }

    /* Mobile Contact Layout styles */
    .contact-hero {
        padding: 2.5rem 0;
    }
    
    .contact-title {
        font-size: 2.2rem;
    }
    
    .contact-content-grid {
        padding: 4rem 0 1rem 0;
    }
    
    .form-row {
        grid-template-columns: 1fr;
        gap: 1.8rem;
    }
    
    .btn-submit {
        width: 100%;
        justify-content: center;
    }
}

/* Minimal email capture styles (3.1) */
.subscribe-block {
    margin-top: 5rem;
    padding: 3rem 0 0 0;
    border-top: 1px solid var(--color-border);
    max-width: 500px;
}

.subscribe-title {
    font-family: var(--font-sans);
    font-size: 1.25rem;
    font-weight: 700;
    color: var(--color-primary);
    margin-bottom: 0.5rem;
}

.subscribe-desc {
    font-family: var(--font-sans);
    font-size: 0.95rem;
    color: var(--color-secondary);
    margin-bottom: 1.5rem;
}

.subscribe-form {
    display: flex;
    gap: 0.8rem;
}

.subscribe-form input[type="email"] {
    flex: 1;
    padding: 0.75rem 1rem;
    font-family: var(--font-sans);
    font-size: 0.95rem;
    background-color: var(--color-white);
    border: 1px solid var(--color-border);
    border-radius: 4px;
    color: var(--color-primary);
    transition: var(--transition-fast);
}

.subscribe-form input[type="email"]:focus {
    outline: none;
    border-color: var(--color-accent);
}

.subscribe-status {
    margin-top: 1rem;
    font-family: var(--font-sans);
    font-size: 0.95rem;
    color: hsl(145, 60%, 40%);
    font-weight: 600;
}

/* Selected Publications strip (3.3) */
.proof-strip {
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    gap: 1rem;
    padding: 1.5rem 0;
    border-top: 1px solid var(--color-border);
    border-bottom: 1px solid var(--color-border);
    margin-top: 2rem;
    font-family: var(--font-sans);
    font-size: 0.85rem;
    color: var(--color-secondary);
    flex-wrap: wrap;
}

.proof-label {
    font-weight: 700;
    color: var(--color-primary);
    letter-spacing: 0.05em;
    text-transform: uppercase;
}

.proof-item {
    font-weight: 550;
}

/* Research Controls & Search Bar */
.research-controls {
    margin: 3rem 0 1.5rem 0;
}

.tutorials-controls {
    margin: 2.5rem 0 1.5rem 0;
}

.search-wrapper {
    position: relative;
    width: 100%;
    margin-bottom: 1.5rem;
}

.search-icon {
    position: absolute;
    left: 1.25rem;
    top: 50%;
    transform: translateY(-50%);
    color: var(--color-secondary);
    opacity: 0.6;
    pointer-events: none;
    transition: opacity 0.2s ease, color 0.2s ease;
}

#research-search,
#tutorials-search {
    width: 100%;
    padding: 1rem 1.25rem 1rem 3.25rem;
    font-family: var(--font-sans);
    font-size: 1rem;
    color: var(--color-primary);
    background-color: var(--color-bg);
    border: 1px solid var(--color-border);
    border-radius: 8px;
    outline: none;
    transition: border-color 0.2s ease, box-shadow 0.2s ease;
}

#research-search:focus,
#tutorials-search:focus {
    border-color: var(--color-accent);
    box-shadow: 0 0 0 3px rgba(27, 58, 107, 0.12);
}

#research-search:focus + .search-icon,
#tutorials-search:focus + .search-icon {
    opacity: 1;
    color: var(--color-accent);
}

/* Sliding Summary Drawer */
.summary-drawer {
    position: fixed;
    inset: 0;
    z-index: 1200;
    visibility: hidden;
    transition: visibility 0.4s;
}

.summary-drawer.active {
    visibility: visible;
}

.drawer-overlay {
    position: absolute;
    inset: 0;
    background-color: rgba(17, 24, 39, 0.4);
    backdrop-filter: blur(4px);
    opacity: 0;
    transition: opacity 0.4s ease;
}

.summary-drawer.active .drawer-overlay {
    opacity: 1;
}

.drawer-container {
    position: absolute;
    top: 0;
    right: 0;
    bottom: 0;
    width: 100%;
    max-width: 600px;
    background-color: var(--color-bg);
    box-shadow: -10px 0 40px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.08);
    transform: translateX(100%);
    transition: transform 0.4s cubic-bezier(0.16, 1, 0.3, 1);
    display: flex;
    flex-direction: column;
}

.summary-drawer.active .drawer-container {
    transform: translateX(0);
}

.summary-drawer.fullscreen .drawer-container {
    inset: 0;
    max-width: none;
    box-shadow: none;
    transform: translateY(8px);
    opacity: 0;
}

.summary-drawer.fullscreen.active .drawer-container {
    transform: translateY(0);
    opacity: 1;
}

.drawer-close {
    position: absolute;
    top: 1.5rem;
    right: 1.5rem;
    background: none;
    border: none;
    cursor: pointer;
    color: var(--color-secondary);
    padding: 0.5rem;
    border-radius: 50%;
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    justify-content: center;
    transition: var(--transition-fast);
    z-index: 10;
}

.drawer-close:hover {
    background-color: var(--color-bg-alt);
    color: var(--color-primary);
}

.drawer-body {
    padding: 5rem 2.5rem 3rem 2.5rem;
    overflow-y: auto;
    flex: 1;
}

.summary-drawer.fullscreen .drawer-body {
    width: min(100%, 1100px);
    margin: 0 auto;
    padding: 6rem 2rem 4rem 2rem;
}

.drawer-meta {
    font-family: var(--font-sans);
    font-size: 0.8rem;
    font-weight: 600;
    color: var(--color-accent);
    text-transform: uppercase;
    letter-spacing: 0.08em;
    margin-bottom: 1rem;
}

.drawer-title {
    font-family: var(--font-serif);
    font-size: 1.8rem;
    line-height: 1.25;
    font-weight: 700;
    color: var(--color-primary);
    margin-bottom: 1.25rem;
}

.summary-drawer.fullscreen .drawer-title {
    font-size: clamp(2rem, 3.2vw, 3.2rem);
    line-height: 1.2;
    max-width: 100%;
    margin-top: 0.75rem;
    margin-bottom: 1.75rem;
}

/* Metadata grid (Author / Date / Type / Language) */
.drawer-meta-grid {
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: 1fr;
    gap: 0.75rem 1rem;
    padding: 1.1rem 1.25rem;
    background: var(--color-bg-alt);
    border-radius: var(--border-radius-md);
    margin-bottom: 2rem;
}

.summary-drawer.fullscreen .drawer-meta-grid {
    grid-template-columns: repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr));
    gap: 0.75rem 2rem;
    padding: 1.4rem 1.5rem;
}

.drawer-meta-grid > div {
    display: flex;
    flex-direction: column;
    gap: 0.15rem;
}

.drawer-meta-label {
    font-family: var(--font-sans);
    font-size: 0.72rem;
    font-weight: 700;
    text-transform: uppercase;
    letter-spacing: 0.07em;
    color: var(--color-accent);
}

.drawer-meta-value {
    font-family: var(--font-sans);
    font-size: 0.92rem;
    color: var(--color-primary);
}

/* Drawer sections (abstract, keywords, citation, companion) */
.drawer-section {
    margin-top: 2rem;
}

.drawer-preview-badge {
    display: inline-block;
    font-family: var(--font-sans);
    font-size: 0.72rem;
    font-weight: 700;
    letter-spacing: 0.1em;
    color: var(--color-accent);
    background-color: rgba(27, 58, 107, 0.08);
    border: 1px solid rgba(27, 58, 107, 0.2);
    padding: 0.2rem 0.6rem;
    border-radius: 4px;
    margin-bottom: 1rem;
    text-transform: uppercase;
}

.drawer-preview-box {
    background-color: var(--color-bg-alt);
    padding: 1.25rem 1.5rem;
    border-radius: var(--border-radius-md);
    border-left: 4px solid var(--color-accent);
    margin: 1.75rem 0;
}

.drawer-actions-stack {
    display: flex;
    flex-direction: column;
    gap: 0.85rem;
    margin: 2rem 0 1rem 0;
}

.drawer-primary-btn {
    display: inline-flex;
    align-items: center;
    justify-content: center;
    gap: 0.6rem;
    background-color: var(--color-accent);
    color: #ffffff;
    border: none;
    border-radius: 8px;
    padding: 0.85rem 1.5rem;
    font-family: var(--font-sans);
    font-size: 0.95rem;
    font-weight: 600;
    cursor: pointer;
    transition: background-color 0.2s ease, transform 0.15s ease;
    box-shadow: 0 2px 8px rgba(27, 58, 107, 0.15);
}

.drawer-primary-btn:hover {
    background-color: var(--color-accent-hover);
    transform: translateY(-1px);
}

.drawer-top-bar, .drawer-bottom-bar {
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    justify-content: space-between;
    flex-wrap: wrap;
    gap: 1rem;
    padding-bottom: 1.25rem;
    margin-bottom: 1.5rem;
    border-bottom: 1px solid var(--color-border);
}

.drawer-bottom-bar {
    border-bottom: none;
    border-top: 1px solid var(--color-border);
    padding-top: 1.5rem;
    padding-bottom: 0;
    margin-top: 2.5rem;
}

.drawer-title-full {
    margin-top: 0.5rem;
}

.drawer-actions {
    display: flex;
    flex-wrap: wrap;
    gap: 0.75rem;
    margin: 0.5rem 0 1.5rem 0;
    align-items: center;
}

.drawer-secondary-btn {
    display: inline-flex;
    align-items: center;
    gap: 0.5rem;
    border: 1px solid var(--color-border);
    background: var(--color-bg-alt);
    color: var(--color-primary);
    font-family: var(--font-sans);
    font-size: 0.9rem;
    font-weight: 600;
    border-radius: 8px;
    padding: 0.65rem 1.1rem;
    cursor: pointer;
    transition: background-color 0.18s ease, border-color 0.18s ease, color 0.18s ease;
}

.drawer-secondary-btn:hover {
    background: var(--color-accent);
    border-color: var(--color-accent);
    color: #fff;
}

.drawer-link-btn {
    text-decoration: none;
    margin: 0 !important;
}

.drawer-heading {
    font-family: var(--font-serif);
    font-size: 1.35rem;
    font-weight: 700;
    color: var(--color-accent);
    margin: 2.25rem 0 1rem 0;
    padding-bottom: 0.4rem;
    border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(27, 58, 107, 0.15);
}

.drawer-subheading {
    font-family: var(--font-sans);
    font-size: 1.1rem;
    font-weight: 700;
    color: var(--color-primary);
    margin: 1.5rem 0 0.6rem 0;
}

.drawer-detailed-content p {
    font-family: var(--font-sans);
    font-size: 1.02rem;
    line-height: 1.8;
    color: var(--color-secondary);
    margin-bottom: 1.2rem;
    max-width: 100%;
}

.drawer-list {
    margin: 0.85rem 0 1.35rem 1.5rem;
    padding: 0;
}

.drawer-list li {
    font-family: var(--font-sans);
    font-size: 1rem;
    line-height: 1.75;
    color: var(--color-secondary);
    margin-bottom: 0.6rem;
}

.drawer-list li strong {
    color: var(--color-primary);
}

.drawer-image-figure {
    margin: 2rem 0;
    text-align: center;
}

.drawer-detailed-content > .drawer-image-figure:first-child,
.drawer-image-figure:first-child {
    margin-top: 0.5rem;
}

.drawer-image {
    max-width: 100%;
    height: auto;
    border-radius: var(--border-radius-md);
    box-shadow: 0 4px 20px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.08);
    border: 1px solid var(--color-border);
    display: block;
    margin: 0 auto;
}

.drawer-image-caption {
    font-family: var(--font-sans);
    font-size: 0.82rem;
    color: var(--color-secondary);
    margin-top: 0.6rem;
    font-style: italic;
}

.drawer-preview-text {
    font-family: var(--font-sans);
    font-size: 1rem;
    line-height: 1.7;
    color: var(--color-secondary);
    margin: 0;
    max-width: 100%;
    display: -webkit-box;
    -webkit-line-clamp: 3;
    -webkit-box-orient: vertical;
    overflow: hidden;
}

.drawer-abstract p {
    font-family: var(--font-sans);
    font-size: 1.02rem;
    line-height: 1.8;
    color: var(--color-secondary);
    margin-bottom: 1.2rem;
    text-align: left;
    max-width: 100%;
}

.drawer-keywords {
    font-family: var(--font-sans);
    font-size: 0.9rem;
    color: var(--color-secondary);
    line-height: 1.7;
    font-style: italic;
}

/* Download PDF button */
.drawer-download-btn {
    display: inline-flex;
    align-items: center;
    gap: 0.5rem;
    background-color: var(--color-accent);
    color: #fff;
    font-family: var(--font-sans);
    font-size: 0.9rem;
    font-weight: 600;
    padding: 0.75rem 1.5rem;
    border-radius: 8px;
    text-decoration: none;
    margin: 1.75rem 0;
    transition: background-color 0.18s ease;
}

.drawer-download-btn:hover {
    background-color: var(--color-accent-hover);
}

/* Companion note */
.drawer-companion-text {
    font-family: var(--font-sans);
    font-size: 0.95rem;
    color: var(--color-secondary);
    line-height: 1.65;
    margin-bottom: 0.6rem;
}

.drawer-companion-link {
    font-family: var(--font-sans);
    font-size: 0.88rem;
    color: var(--color-accent);
    word-break: break-all;
}

.drawer-companion-link:hover {
    color: var(--color-accent-hover);
    text-decoration: underline;
}

.drawer-section-title {
    font-family: var(--font-sans);
    font-size: 0.85rem;
    font-weight: 700;
    letter-spacing: 0.05em;
    color: var(--color-primary);
    text-transform: uppercase;
    margin: 2.5rem 0 1rem 0;
    padding-bottom: 0.5rem;
    border-bottom: 1px solid var(--color-border);
}

.drawer-summary p {
    font-family: var(--font-sans);
    font-size: 1.05rem;
    line-height: 1.75;
    color: var(--color-secondary);
    margin-bottom: 1.25rem;
    text-align: justify;
}

/* Citation Box styling */
.drawer-citation-box {
    background-color: var(--color-bg-alt);
    padding: 1.25rem;
    border-radius: var(--border-radius-md);
    margin-top: 1rem;
    font-family: var(--font-sans);
    font-size: 0.9rem;
    line-height: 1.6;
    color: var(--color-secondary);
    position: relative;
}

.citation-text {
    padding-right: 2rem;
    user-select: all;
}

.copy-citation-btn {
    position: absolute;
    top: 1rem;
    right: 1rem;
    background: none;
    border: none;
    cursor: pointer;
    color: var(--color-secondary);
    opacity: 0.7;
    transition: var(--transition-fast);
}

.copy-citation-btn:hover {
    color: var(--color-accent);
    opacity: 1;
}

.copy-toast {
    position: absolute;
    bottom: -2rem;
    right: 1rem;
    background-color: var(--color-primary);
    color: var(--color-white);
    font-size: 0.75rem;
    padding: 0.25rem 0.5rem;
    border-radius: var(--border-radius-sm);
    opacity: 0;
    transition: opacity 0.25s ease;
    pointer-events: none;
}

.copy-toast.show {
    opacity: 1;
}

.drawer-actions {
    margin-top: 3rem;
    display: flex;
    gap: 1rem;
}

.btn-block {
    width: 100%;
    text-align: center;
    justify-content: center;
}

/* Responsiveness overrides */
@media (max-width: 768px) {
    .drawer-container {
        max-width: 100%;
    }
    .drawer-body {
        width: 100%;
        padding: 4.5rem 1.25rem 2.5rem 1.25rem;
    }
    .drawer-title {
        max-width: none;
    }
    .drawer-meta-grid {
        grid-template-columns: 1fr;
    }
    .summary-drawer.fullscreen .drawer-body {
        width: 100%;
        padding: 5rem 1.25rem 2.5rem 1.25rem;
    }
}

/* ==========================================================================
   Print Stylesheet (CV format output)
   ========================================================================== */
@media print {
    /* Set page margins */
    @page {
        size: letter;
        margin: 1.5cm 1.8cm 1.5cm 1.8cm;
    }
    
    /* Reset colors and backgrounds for printing */
    body {
        background-color: #ffffff !important;
        color: #000000 !important;
        font-size: 11pt;
        line-height: 1.4;
    }
    
    /* Hide screen elements */
    .site-header, 
    .site-footer,
    .cta-link,
    .filter-container,
    .research-controls,
    .tutorials-controls,
    .pub-action-link,
    .hero-image-wrapper,
    .highlight-icon-box,
    .summary-drawer {
        display: none !important;
    }
    
    /* Force sections to display for complete CV printing */
    .view-section {
        display: block !important;
        opacity: 1 !important;
        transform: none !important;
        page-break-after: auto;
    }
    
    .content-container {
        padding: 0 !important;
        max-width: 100% !important;
    }
    
    body::before {
        content: "VISAKH CHANDRAN\nAI, Data & Digital Transformation Leader\nEmail: visakhc@gmail.com | LinkedIn: linkedin.com/in/visakh-chandran-phd-8a608411/";
        display: block;
        text-align: center;
        font-family: var(--font-sans);
        font-size: 13pt;
        font-weight: bold;
        white-space: pre-line;
        border-bottom: 2px solid #000000;
        padding-bottom: 15px;
        margin-bottom: 30px;
    }
    
    /* Home Hero Layout adjustment for print */
    .hero-grid {
        display: block !important;
        padding: 0 !important;
        border: none !important;
    }
    
    .hero-title, .hero-lead, .hero-credential {
        display: none !important; /* redundant info on CV since header exists */
    }
    
    /* About Me layout for print */
    .about-container {
        padding: 0 0 20px 0 !important;
        border: none !important;
        page-break-inside: avoid;
    }
    
    .about-header {
        margin-bottom: 15px !important;
    }
    
    .about-desc {
        font-size: 10.5pt !important;
        color: #000000 !important;
    }
    
    .about-detail-grid {
        display: grid !important;
        grid-template-columns: 1.1fr 0.9fr !important;
        gap: 30px !important;
        page-break-inside: avoid;
    }
    
    .col-title {
        font-size: 10pt !important;
        border-bottom: 1px solid #000000;
        padding-bottom: 4px;
        margin-bottom: 12px !important;
        color: #000000 !important;
    }
    
    .highlight-list {
        gap: 8px !important;
    }
    
    .highlight-list li {
        gap: 0 !important;
    }
    
    .highlight-text {
        font-size: 10pt !important;
        color: #000000 !important;
        padding-top: 0 !important;
    }
    
    .expertise-list li {
        font-size: 10pt !important;
        padding: 4px 0 !important;
        border-color: #dddddd !important;
    }
    
    .expertise-list li:hover {
        padding-left: 0 !important;
    }
    
    /* Featured writing / publications merge for clean output */
    .writing-section {
        display: none !important; /* Hide featured writing to avoid duplicates of publications */
    }
    
    /* Publications block styling for print */
    .research-hero {
        padding: 20px 0 0 0 !important;
        border: none !important;
        page-break-before: always; /* Push publications section to page 2 */
    }
    
    .research-hero .section-label {
        font-size: 10pt !important;
        color: #000000 !important;
        border-bottom: 1px solid #000000;
        padding-bottom: 4px;
        margin-bottom: 12px !important;
    }
    
    .research-title, .research-lead {
        display: none !important; /* Redundant headers */
    }
    
    .publications-list {
        display: block !important;
    }
    
    .pub-item {
        display: block !important;
        padding: 12px 0 !important;
        border-color: #eeeeee !important;
        page-break-inside: avoid;
    }
    
    .pub-title {
        font-size: 11pt !important;
        font-weight: bold;
        margin-bottom: 2px !important;
    }
    
    .pub-meta {
        font-size: 9pt !important;
        color: #555555 !important;
        margin-bottom: 6px !important;
    }
    
    .pub-desc {
        font-size: 10pt !important;
        color: #333333 !important;
    }
    
    /* Research Focus and lower grid for print */
    .research-grid {
        display: grid !important;
        grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr !important;
        gap: 30px !important;
        padding-top: 30px !important;
        page-break-inside: avoid;
    }
    
    .research-grid .grid-col:first-child {
        display: none !important; /* Hide secondary latest writing lists */
    }
    
    .focus-list {
        gap: 6px !important;
    }
    
    .focus-list li {
        font-size: 10pt !important;
        color: #000000 !important;
    }
    
    .focus-list li::before {
        background-color: #000000 !important;
        width: 4px !important;
        height: 4px !important;
        margin-right: 8px !important;
    }

    /* Print Contact / Tutorials rules */
    #contact, #tutorials {
        display: none !important;
    }
}